Ibrahim Pasha (1789-1848), Egyptian general and viceroy who occupied Syria in the 19th century. Born in Kavála, eastern Macedonia, Greece, the son or adopted son of Muhammad Ali, who became the Turkish-appointed viceroy of Egypt. Ibrahim commanded the Egyptian troops in Arabia in their successful campaign against the Wahhabi tribesmen (1816-18). In 1824, during the Greek revolt against Turkey, he was sent with a squadron and an army of 17,000 men to put down the rebellion. With superior forces and artillery, he was victorious in the field but was harassed by Greek guerrilla forces after the siege of Mesolóngion (Missolonghi). In revenge, he devastated the country and deported and enslaved thousands of Greeks. Great Britain, Austria, and France intervened and forced the withdrawal of the victors in 1828. In 1831, when his father revoked his allegiance to the sultan of Turkey, Ibrahim invaded Syria, then under Turkish rule. He defeated the Turks in several battles and became governor of Syria. The conflict was resumed in 1838-39 and culminated in Egyptian victory. Great Britain and Austria, however, forced him to abandon Syria in 1841. Ibrahim replaced his father as viceroy of Egypt in 1848, but died shortly afterward.